Brain MR images were acquired using a 3.0 Tesla Philips Intera scanner(Ingenia CX, Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) immediate and delayed recall 50 and recognition 51 Modified Card Sorting Test 52 phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests 53 Attentive Matrices Test 54 Trail Making Test (TMT)55 and digit span backward 56 Freehand copying of drawings with and without landmarks 50 Token Test 57 Beck depression inventory (BDI)58 Apathy Rating Scale 59 Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS)60. Our finding is the first evidence that in PSP, as in other neurogical disorders, poor self-initiated, effortful verbal retrieval appears to be linked to dysfunction of the dominant opercular-aslant-BA6 circuit. Reduced letter fluency was associated with significant hypometabolism at the level of left BA6. We correlated performance on a letter fluency task (F, A, and S, 60 s for each letter) with brain metabolism as measured with Fluoro-deoxy-glucose Positron Emission Tomography, using Statistical Parametric Mapping, in 31 patients with PSP. We explored the hypothesis that poor fluency in PSP might be due to neurodegeneration within a dominant frontal circuit known to be involved in speech fluency, including the opercular area, the superior frontal cortex (BA6), and the frontal aslant tract connecting these two regions. Reduced phonemic fluency is extremely frequent in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), but its neural correlate is yet to be defined. We provide correction grids for age and literacy that derive from results of the regression analyses. The results show a decremental effect of age on performance in all tasks and an ameliorative effect of education in all tasks except the Corsi span backwards. Here, we report normative data on the forward and backward versions of the Digit span and Corsi span tasks that was collected from 362 healthy Italians ranging in age from 20 to 90 years. The backward versions of both tasks, in which sequences of items have to be reproduced in the reverse order, are believed to primarily tax Central Executive resources. the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad for verbal and visuo-spatial data, respectively). Forward versions of these tasks, in which sequences of items of increasing length have to be reproduced in the order they were presented, are believed to primarily evaluate the functioning of the working memory material-specific slave systems (i.e. The Digit span and Corsi span tasks are frequently used to assess verbal and visuo-spatial short-term memory.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |